LIB 316 Week 3 Final Research Paper Rough Draft Essay

Final Research Paper Rough Draft. For Week Three you are responsible for writing a rough draft for your Final Research Paper in which you analyze a specific historical theme we’ve studied as it is developed in two literary works read or discussed in the textbook during the semester. Use the â€Å"themes† list below as a guide and then once you have chosen the theme you want to examine, select two literary texts where you feel this theme is best reflected. You can choose any two texts read in this course but the selections must be from the course textbook. Your draft and final version should be organized around a thesis statement about the theme and your selected literary works. Select one of the following themes for the Final Research Paper: ? Democracy and reform movements ? Workers and the Industrial Revolution ? The â€Å"woman question† ? The â€Å"white man’s burden† ? Imperialism and the colonial project ? The Great Depression ? The impact of technology on 20th century warfare ? Holocaust/genocide ? Cold War ? Nationalism ? Totalitarianism ? Decolonization ? Race racism ? Environmentalism and climate change ? Globalization ?Hybrid national identities ? Dystopia ? Magical realism Get a map of the college campus and find and visit the important places on campus. You can get valuable information on school-specific scholarship opportunities in this way. Colleges commonly give scholarships to students who are accepted. By going to the admissions office and talking to the officer there, you’ll be able to know if you’re getting the best deal on your education. The file LIB 316 Week 3 Final Research Paper Rough Draft †¦ To download this tutorial follow the link – https://bitly. com/1wySLOi Get a map of the college campus and find and visit the important places on campus. You can get valuable information on school-specific scholarship opportunities in this way. Colleges commonly give scholarships to students who are accepted. By going to the admissions office and talking to the officer there, you’ll be able to know if you’re getting the best deal on your education. Business – General Business Final Research Paper Rough Draft. For Week Three you are responsible for writing a rough draft for your Final Research Paper in which you analyze a specific historical theme we’ve studied as it is developed in two literary works read or discussed in the textbook during the semester. Use the â€Å"themes† list below as a guide and then once you have chosen the theme you want to examine, select two literary texts where you feel this theme is best reflected. You can choose any two texts read in this course but the selections must be from the course textbook. Your draft and final version should be organized around a thesis statement about the theme and your selected literary works. Select one of the following themes for the Final Research Paper: ? Democracy and reform movements ? Workers and the Industrial Revolution ? The â€Å"woman question† ? The â€Å"white man’s burden† ? Imperialism and the colonial project ? The Great Depression ? The impact of technology on 20th century warfare ? Holocaust/genocide ? Cold War ? Nationalism ? Totalitarianism ? Decolonization ? Race racism ? Environmentalism and climate change ? Globalization ?Hybrid national identities ? Dystopia ? Magical realism †¦

Democracy of U.S. History Essay

Democracy, as it is used today, means â€Å" the people rule.† A democracy is a form of government ruled by the people of the country through elections and representation. A democracy is really a form of republic known as a democratic republic. A republic is a government where officials elected by a small group of people that make the important decisions. Democracy has been around for almost 2500 years since Athens, Greece became the first democracy. The Romans also experimented with democracy, however it was more a republic, and not a democracy. Around 1200 England laid the groundwork to become a republic. Later, in the 1700’s, United States of America became a democracy. During the first decades of our premature nations’ existence, it is hard to imagine that the United States would evolve to become such a great democracy. A democracy others would prefer to believe with hypocrite reasoning. When the U.S. first won its independence it was a united group of people left to defend for themselves. This group was to become a nation and creating it involved more than winning independence from Great Britain. In 1783, the U.S. was a country forming in its premature stages. By 1787, this baby begins to develop, to become a nation. By 1787, people perceived that their constitution represented what the people desired the U.S. to be; well at least the Federalists presumed this. The Anti-Federalists watched for signs that threatened their republican principals for which they so recently had fought the American Revolution. After winning the war the unity and optimism among Americans did not translate easily or smoothly into the creation of a strong central government. The Federalists and Anti-Feds were very opposed to each other’s views. By the late 1700’s and early 1800’s, a deep political division had occurred amongst the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. Anti-Federalists were mostly from the South, and were labeled Jeffersonian. Their label came from the fact that they defended slavery and third President, Thomas Jefferson, was known for owning herds of black slaves. Southerners held agreed with many of Jefferson’s views. The Anti-Feds and Republicans believed in strict interpretation of the constitution, peaceful foreign relations, and a reduction of the role of the federal government in the lives of average citizens. They were opposed to a  strong central government and felt states should hold the power to govern. The Federalists believed that the constitution should be loosely interpreted and that America should follow the spirit of it to make laws and judgments. Federalists wanted to organize the states so a strong federal power could govern over them in order to keep enough power for the economy, war and ruling. Many were opposed to this form of government because it so closely mimicked that of Great Britain. Between these two diverse groups, their followers split the nation. The United States was geographically split North from South. The North was home of manufacturers and industry. Farming was not the North’s economic base as was manufacturing. Crops would not grow year around due to freezing weather; therefore slaves were of no need during off-seasons in farming. Here, it was not economically safe or resourceful to own slaves, because of the fact that they were expensive to acquire and maintain. Since slaves were mostly used in manual labor, their use in the North was almost nonexistent. Blacks were not used in factories for fear of them gaining knowledge and accessing power. In the South, large plantations and small farm owners used slaves for their manual labor of the fields and common household work. Not every household in the South owned a slave, as many people may believe. Only the wealthy could afford slaves. These slaves abducted from Africa were characterized and treated equivalent to animals by their owners. Since slaves were owned, they were property, and they were treated however their holders felt fit. This was a great threat to democracy because it went against what democracy supposedly stood for. Slavery, at the time, was disregarded in the constitution and therefore it can be concluded that the government ignored it. There were greater threats to democracy during the first decades of U.S. independence that are far more important to the significance of the period. Americans held an optimistic view of the nation’s manifest destiny. The benefits and pitfalls that go hand-in-hand with a democratic society call for a fluid and amendable constitution. Nevertheless, the strengths outweigh the weaknesses as evidenced by the overall equitable conditions amidst the citizens, and the equal opportunities available to all.

Academic Writing

The genre that will be discussed in this essay is the book review. Although book reviews may not seem as important as other genres of academic writing, it is actually often in college assignments and appears a lot in professional writing as well (Magazines, Newspapers). Book reviews are a very evaluative genre and requires one to effectively ask oneself questions about the subject of matter. Compared to other genres, a book review asks for ones viewpoint and opinion, requires an evaluative summary of the book and its characters and uses a thorough yet easy to follow analysis for the audience.For this subject, I have interviewed Tina Nigerian, a student at Rice university, about book reviews. When asked about why book reviews are considered as a genre of academic writing, Nigerian expressed how important it was, saying, The writer of the book review is synthesizing vast amounts of information to make a point, or points (Nigerian). The writer gains knowledge through writing book reviews by learning how to ideally and effectively express and persuade their viewpoint. Although book reviews may be mistaken as similar to book reports, it is actually not identical.Book ports focus mainly on discussing the plot, characters and main ideas of the work, while book reviews give a sneak peek about the book and criticism on whether they enjoyed it or not (Welcome). Book reviews contain brief descriptions of key points and explanations about the strengths and weaknesses of the work. Nigerian warns writers about writing book reviews. Trust your judgment, use evidence, and write elegantly, but not snobbishly, she said (Nigerian). As a writer, it is important to write fair and include reasoning. Writing arrogantly as to critique another work demeans your character and intellect. Although it is important to state your own opinion and viewpoint in book reviews, you must also include facts and credible resources. Nigerian stressed that the most important thing to include in your book review is quotes, because they serve as evidence. Without them, you dont sound that credible (Nigerian). The last thing you want as a writer is for your audience to lose their trust in you. You write not only for the benefit of expressing yourself but also for the benefit of the audience.The audience wants the most cohesive yet trustworthy and evaluative book review to read. The processes of writing a book review is also vital, and even before that, you must prep information in order to write it. Before you began reading for your book review, you must ask yourself questions about the author, title, genre, cover, introduction, and table of contents. Not only put into mind the key points of the book, but also to the little details about your book. Who is this author, has he/she won any awards, are good questions to ask in providing background information about the author (Welcome).Note that book reviews are usually 500-700 words, and you should thoroughly investigate your book in order for your audience to understand and familiarize with it better (Welcome). The cover is also as important; be sure to utilize whether the cover of the book has caught your attention or provide you with any little details before reading the book. Although people shouldnt judge a book by its cover, in reality, most do. A cover is a mini-review of the book, so it is important to list it and make good observations. As for the table Of contents, how is the book arranged?By sections Or chapters? You never know if your audience may have questions like these, and thus further proves hat the ability to ask yourself questions is essential. Now time to discuss what you need to do as you read the book. While reading the book, make sure to mentally discuss the characters, themes, argument, key ideas, and quotes. Do you empathic with the characters? Did the author cover the subject/purpose/argument adequately? Dont feel obligated to answer each question as some questions may be more important than the other.This process will help provide you critical thinking before you actually begin writing. Its important in developing an argument about the work and also to help you write an organized and well-supported draft. Take notes; its similar to brainstorming. This will help you just in case you get writers block when writing your review. Once you are ready to write, the first thing to do when beginning a book review is to establish the background and remember your audience (Welcome). You must always keep in mind that your audience havent read the book yet, and thus doesnt have as much knowledge as you do about the book.Also dont include too much about the book. A good rule to follow is to limit your self only to a few chapters, and if its nonfiction, provide a basis of the authors argument. In a book review by Nanette Carnelians, a student at he University of Nebraska at Omaha, she explains why the purpose of her book was well-written and also a few minor mistakes that she has caught up. Here is an excerpt below: Aviation History delivers an entertaining account and perspective on international aviation history.This book is an excellent resource to students, educators, and aviation enthusiasts. In reviewing this book, the principal criteria included content, organization, and reference sources. While editing errors and organizational incongruities plague some of the latter chapters, many of the shortcomings of this first edition will likely be alleviated by later editions (Carnelians). Looking at her excerpt, you can see that at the beginning of her book review, she has provided a thorough, yet short explanation of her book.Upon her thesis, she has stated her position that although the book has errors and mistakes, it is a remarkable book that can be used by teachers, students and other organizations. Carnelians book review is a good sample to look at because she states her opinion with facts smoothly, making her review credible. She also makes sure to keep her audience at hand, by stating to whom the book will most likely be read by. After establishing the background, organize your review by leaving plenty of space to analyze, not just to inform.The purpose of your review is to make an argument, a point about whether or knotty liked the book. Remember commentary over summary (College). Choose a few points about the book to talk about and organize it by that. You can organize your paragraphs by themes, motives, other ides of the book. At the end of your book review, its useful to include the publisher and price for the audience (Welcome). In conclusion, book reviews are an essential and important part of academic writing. It is not only useful to the audience but also to your self.As quoted by Nigerian, They help make meaning of what people read or will read. They add to discussion within literature, which is vital. Merely reading books isnt enough. Thinking and writing about them is important (Nigerian). Book reviews challenges your skill to ask important and useful questions. The experience of writing book reviews will expand and enhance your insight on books and also take note of your audience. It gives you so many factors into consideration when writing a book review, therefore is a challenging experience in your education.

Intercultural Communication Guide for Foreigners Assignment

Intercultural Communication Guide for Foreigners - Assignment Example This brochure therefore seeks to help you with a guide to intercultural communication so that you may know the American peoples cultural values and norms, the language, negotiation styles, business etiquette and so much more. This brochure will play a key role in preventing miscommunication and misunderstanding during business meetings for you doing business in our country. Cultural values and norms The American people primarily have a western culture through they are also influenced by Asia, African, Native American and Latin American cultures. You should be aware that the U.S is a big and diverse nation that has numerous regions and subcultures accounting for a wide range of cultural norms (Inone, 2007) When it comes to an issue like time, you must be aware that in the US efficiency is considered a virtue. Therefore Americans are usually impatient when things are moving slowly especially when conducting business and more so they expect efficient and rapid service. To many Americans if not all time is money and so it should be saved, valued and used wisely (Yale University, 2012). In addition to this, Americans put a lot of value on punctuality and so if one is unable to reach on time at the business meeting they should call in advance to alert the others that he or she will be late. Reason being, latecomers especially in professional appointments usually risk being turned away. Directness/ Openness You should also be aware that Americans are raised in a manner that they are always open and direct. This may conflict with other cultures that do not like direct confrontation or are reserved (Yale University, 2012). Many Americans may state that one is hiding something if the individual is not honest or open. In the American culture being direct translates to trustworthiness. Nevertheless, there are some areas that Americans are not extremely comfortable being open and that is why, they use constructive criticism. This means that an individual is giving another c onstructive criticism in a manner that will not hurt their feelings or will come out as offensive. Americans use facial expressions when they do not want to speak openly; they will also communicate using gestures or even body position (Yale University, 2012). Competition/Achievement You should note that to be referred to as a high achiever in America is regarded as a compliment as Americans are known to be highly competitive (Yale University, 2012). You are therefore expected to work hard in business so that you may achieve high earnings and rise in social class. Americans usually have a busy schedule as they value action and they have a saying which goes work is a virtue and idleness is a sin. Foreigners are therefore expected to fit in to the busy schedule especially when conducting business as proper usage of time is vital to successful business (Yale University, 2012). Business Etiquette Business etiquette is extremely imperative in whatever part of the world one is in; reason b eing, it can play a huge role in determining the success or failure of a business (Internationabusinesscenter.org. 2012). As a foreigner therefore, doing business here in the US, there is certain business etiquette that is expected. For instance when attending a business meeting, business suits and ties are considered appropriate; for meetings that are formal, men are expected to wear white shirts while women should wear a dress with a jacket or a suit. When it comes to business conversations they can as well occur during meals and business meetings can be arranged as luncheon, breakfast or dinner meetings usually depending on necessity and time schedules

Latin American Civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Latin American Civilization - Essay Example The staple corn can be pounded into tortillas, taco shells or any desired shape. Beans, rice, and squash also serve as dietary staples. Avocado dip and other moles, or sauces, are popular for dipping tortilla chips. Tequila, in all its various grades, is an internationally popular drink and Cinco de Mayo festivals are becoming prominent fixtures in Mexican restaurants the world over. The Virgin of Guadalupe, whose main house of worship is the Basilica of Guadalupe, serves the Mexican people on multiple layers. Her repeated appearances in 1531 to Juan Diego led to the consecration of the holy mother and her eventual title of Patroness of the Americas conferred upon her by Pope John Paul II. She is a savior particularly to women, but serves all those in need. In 1810, rebels called upon her guardianship in their battle again Spanish colonists. She has long been considered an integral symbol of Mexican religious, national, and political identity. The fiery painter, Frida Khalo (1907-1954), lived a short but brilliant life. When a teenager, she survived a harrowing bus accident that left her with internal damage and chronic pain. However, Frida’s unique painting fused events from her life with indigenous earth mother imagery. The painting at right, titled The Love Embrace of the Universe,the Earth (Mexico), Me, Diego, Mr. Xolotl, depicts such a concept showing a green clay goddess enveloping Frida, wearing a long traditional red skirt with a white fringe, holding a babe-like Rivera. This magical world rests in the penumbras between light and dark in the transformative cycle of birth and death. Chile’s national flag expresses deep historical significance. The star in the blue sky acts as a shining beacon to guide her people in honorable progress. The white represents the snow-capped Andes while the red represents the blood of the martyrs in the

Strategies for Responsible Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Strategies for Responsible Business - Essay Example A number of strategic management theorists argue that, for an organization to be continuously successful the most important requirement for it is to develop an understanding of the strategic implications of CSR.  This report analyses this claim with the help of the principles of corporate social responsibility and strategic management. The phrase Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR was first used in the 1953 publication of Bowens Social Responsibility of Businessmen. In the 60’s and 70s, many scholars tried to provide a comprehensive definition of CSR. However, the term CSR has attained more popularity and acceptance in the corporate world only in 1984, when management consultant Peter Drucker stressed the importance of connecting social problems with economic opportunities. Since then, companies have started to accept CSR as a liability rather than a principle. The first company that actually publishes a social report was Ben and Jerrys in 1989, and the first major company was Shell in 1998 (Corporate watch, n. d.). Even though corporate social responsibility or CSR is accepted as one of the major topics in the corporate world, everywhere in the world, a standard definition or universal definition for this topic is still unavailable. In other words, CSR has been defined differently by different scholars and perceived differently in different countries or regions. According to Nexen (2009) Corporate Social Responsibility is â€Å"a commitment to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of our workforce and their families as well as the local community at large†. Ethics and morality are rapidly disappearing subjects from the corporate world at present. Even though organizations speak volumes about ethics and morality, they do less to adhere to the principles of ethics and morality. CSR reminds

Brand Positioning Statement Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Brand Positioning Statement - Coursework Example This strategy of management evolved the idea of printing one-liners on the packing covers of different products set for sale. These promotional lines silently acknowledge the advantages with indications of different variable of purchase ranging from the name of the product to its value expectations. The statements pose implications of comparative references of the product with similar ones of various other contender companies and influence the buying choices made by the customer. These powerful but composed lines are beneficial to the company as it saves time of the sales executives in a busy environment while they provide for the independent choice of information search preferred by customers to hectic and stereotypic listening process forced on them. Successful descriptive has always enhanced the sales volume of many products; majority of them were one-liner tags that influenced people who eventually utter the taglines as they demand a new brand at retail sales spots. Most importan tly, they assure the committed narratives of the product prior to the final choice made by the customer to buy it or ignore. However, brand positioning statements are the most visible logic that helps promote business and pose and intellectual domination of the product over its substitutes in the market. The following is an example of a set of brand positioning statements Segway HTÂ ® could have used for the product launch. The brand positioning statement of Segway HTÂ ® may be designed in the following way. The Segway HTÂ ® is a two-wheeled electronic human transporter that is governed the inbuilt gyroscopes and tilt sensors. The Segway HT Â ® meets the self-transporting demands of employees and student to regularly travel short distances with provisions for electronically guiding the machine through busy and uneven tracks without loss of time stuck at traffic jams. The Segway HTÂ ® enables the mobility of people with least minimum operative input requirement for commanding th e speed and direction of the motion. The SEgway HTÂ ® is a digitally speed-governed sophisticated machine with an exclusive option of control switches to regulate the speed of the motion relative to the nature of surface and track environment. The Segway HTÂ ® assures easy operation of the machine with suggestion for perfect training for excellent use. The Segway HTÂ ® is powered by dual back up of energy sources for uninterrupted transport unlike other machines of human transport. The Segway HTÂ ® gives the best value for money with the longest endurance among all handy transport machines. (Source: Brandeo). The action plan The operational management is required to frame a target oriented action plan to meet the challenges expected to develop in the market segment with absolute concern for improving the sales of the product. An innovative venture should always be confidentially managed before the finalization of design and market research details. As an essential platform for e asy sales of the product, it is important to conduct surveys on the demand of the product among people of different cities and their ability to buy them. The final plan of the design as well as the price fixation needs to be carried out independently by the concerned departments, but focus should be kept on the universal applicability of the product. In case of a human transporter, the marketing challenges are mainly the social issues like high traffic, damaged pavements and unpredictable conditions of crowding

Blended Learning Implementation in Universities Essay

Blended Learning Implementation in Universities - Essay Example Unfortunately, not all universities have a clear view on how blended learning can be implemented. The goal of this paper is to highlight the most important points and offer a strategic framework for the development and implementation of blended learning strategies in higher education. The paper includes the definition and discussion of blended learning, the main criteria of effectiveness in blended learning environments, possible ways to implement blended learning in the classroom, and a common framework for higher education institutions seeking to implement the blended learning approach. Blended learning: models and implementation Regardless of the goals and objectives of blended learning in universities, the process of implementing blended learning models in higher education mandates the development of strong and complex program implementation frameworks. The overall process of developing and implementing blended learning programs includes the following elements: institutional, ped agogical, technological, design, evaluation and management, support and ethics (Singh 2003). This is actually a unique and extremely useful implementation framework that was proposed by Singh (2003). ... ecide whether it possesses technical and personnel capabilities required, to guarantee that all learners have equal access to blended learning instruments. At this stage of implementation, universities need to perform a detailed needs analysis, to understand what learners need and how blended learning can satisfy their needs. This is the planning stage of the implementation process in blended learning, which must include both strategic and operational aspects (Garrison & Kanuka 2004). In strategic terms, universities must necessarily evaluate the needs, objectives and goals of blended learning, its potential benefits, costs and the availability of resources (Garrison & Kanuka 2004). Operational planning has to be considered, in order to operationalize the goals and objective of blended learning and turn them into an action plan (Garrison & Kanuka 2004). For example, universities may develop advertising strategies to engage learners in blended contexts or attend to the needs of managi ng technologies effectively. Then follow the pedagogical and technological considerations. Universities that seek to implement blended learning approaches must decide upon the content to be included in the blend, the learning objectives to be met, and the learner needs (Singh 2003). In other words, here education professionals link the needs of learners to the learning objectives and the instruments to be used, to help learners meet these learning objectives. For example, if learners are expected to develop a new product or marketing model, then product simulation can become an essential component of the blend (Singh 2003). Once these delivery methods are identified, universities can proceed to decide upon the types of technologies to be used in blended learning. Here, technical

Statement of Purpose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Statement of Purpose - Essay Example This dream has therefore fostered me to apply for the graduate school (school of engineering) engineering management, project and system engineering management. Engineering Management is a specialized form of management and engineering. It is mostly concerned with the application of engineering principles to business practice. Engineering managers ensure that engineers use their engineering skills to design and provide high quality products and services. My obsession with management started just after I had cleared high school. In the summer of 2008, I had a chance of working as a marketing strategist at Gardeniya Ladies Center in Alkhobar Saudi Arabia. Specifically, I dealt with customer relations and I was a receptionist. While working here, I managed social media presence, developed promotions and packages for customers and handled customers complaints and disputes. In the year 2009, I partially worked as a market strategist at Cupcake Girls in Alkhobar Saudi Arabia. I was the marketing assistant and assisted in preparations of orders and clientele, handled financial and advertising organizations and prepared for upcoming events and festivities. I have been active in many other activities such as Student volunteer- Children with Down Syndrome Center (Alkhobar Saudia Arabia, 2009) and Managed social media presence for campaigns and managed gathering donations. This has made me feel that my passion lies in the leadership and management and I believe that if one does what they love, chances are that they will become very successful. In the selecting of the Catholic University at Washington DC, I have been influenced by the way your engineering management program addresses issues such as planning, organizing, motivating, and controlling resources, procedures and protocols. I am fluent in Arabic and English and I have been talking to a friend who has studied in this University and it has come to my understanding that the

Curriculum designing guidelines Essay Example for Free

Curriculum designing guidelines Essay Purpose The construction of experiences and outcomes that effectively provide progression in each curriculum area and convey the values, principles and purposes of A Curriculum for Excellence is central to the success of the program. In particular, it is important that you reflect relevant aspects of the four capacities in your work. If we can get this right these outcomes and experiences will have a significant, positive, impact on classroom practice and hence on the learning experience of all children and young people. It is an exciting prospect. Starting point In phase 1 each early review group should be asked to simplify and prioritise the curriculum (from age 3 to 15 in the first instance) retaining what currently works well and making changes where these were justified by research evidence. The output from phase 1 of the review process and the rationale for your curriculum area, research and other national and international comparators are your starting points. Your work will be based on the relevant parts of the Curriculum Frameworks: for Children 3 – 5, 5 – 14 guidelines, Standard Grade, and National Qualifications. It is important that experience and outcome statements you write at each Curriculum for Excellence level provide appropriate cognitive demand. The framework for outcomes The experiences and outcomes will sit within a framework of advice to teachers. Curriculum Area The eight curriculum areas are: Expressive Arts, Health and Wellbeing, Languages, Maths, Religious and Moral Education, Science, Social Studies and Technologies. Rationale The rationale provides an overview of the curriculum area states its main purposes and describes its contribution to the values and purposes. Subsets of the curriculum area Each curriculum area is subdivided either into fields of learning – or ‘subjects’ (e. g. Expressive Arts into art, drama, dance and music) or into aspects of learning in that area (e. g. Languages into listening and talking, reading and writing) Lines of development These identify learning tracks in each subset of the curriculum area. They are expressed in different ways in each area of the curriculum. For example within expressive arts they identify the skills to be developed: creating, presenting and evaluating in art, drama, dance and music; within science they describe broad areas of knowledge and understanding to be developed; biodiversity, being human and cells in Our Living World. Experiences and outcomes Within each line of development, experiences and outcomes describe the expected progression in learning for children and young people. Essential outcomes. Essential outcomes are a small number of high level statements, derived from the main purposes described in the rationale, that encapsulate what learning in that curriculum area provides for all children and young people. Taken together, the essential outcomes are intended to sum up the expectations for the broad general education of all young people. The focus of your work will be writing the experiences and outcomes for your curriculum area. It is likely that there will be interplay between what you produce and the ‘essential outcomes’ , which are the ones helping to shape and refine the other in an iterative manner. Outcomes should be written in the clearest possible English. Where possible these should be accessible to children and young people, but not at the expense of clarity. It is also important to try to write lively and engaging experiences and outcomes. Best Practices of Writing the Curriculum Ultimately the intention is to produce streamlined guidance for the entire curriculum in a single document. We also intend to make the outcomes available in electronic format to allow curriculum leaders and teachers to identify and blend outcomes from both within and beyond curriculum areas. Several stages will be required to achieve this.

Use Of Determiners In Newspaper Media Media Essay

Use Of Determiners In Newspaper Media Media Essay This study aims to examine how different strategies and processes are used in sociolinguistics, as a way of adjustment of the writers manner of address, in relation to his or her perception of the addressee; focusing on the use of determiners. The hypothesis for this study is therefore: fewer determiners will be deleted from the newspapers considered up-market (Group 1), than the amount deleted from those newspapers considered mid and down-market (Group 2). This is a complex process of change within the dynamics of conversation and writing.  [1]  It is often said that convergence seems to be the rule in media language. For instance, phonological features in radio broadcasting showed that presenters use measurably more informal pronunciations in stations which primarily address lower class, less educated, and younger listeners.  [2]  As far as newspapers are concerned, the followed classic hypothesis of convergence has been made by S. Hall, who claims that there is reciprocity of producer/reader of which he called the public idiom of the media. However, this does not mean that the readers actually speak what they read or listen to, but there is evidence to suggest that a convergence takes place and that each paper makes its own convergence toward what it sees as a mode of discourse acceptable to its readership.  [3]   Background Research Bell has carried out research into determiner deletion;  [4]  that being words found within the English Language that limit the meaning of a noun and comes before a descriptive adjective modifying the same noun (e.g. the, a, an, this etc.).  [5]  Several studies show that the deletion of articles in such phrases distinguishes tabloids from broadsheet British Newspapers. These are correlationswith assumed class and education and the deletion of determiners seems to imply modernity, populism, and journalistic raciness. Ryden and Bell  [6]  both investigate the use of noun phrase name appositions in the language of newspapers, and in particular the spread of phrases like Opposition leader Neil Knock with the descriptive noun phrase without a determiner preceding the title. This format is relatively recent and is, in Britain, largely but not entirely restricted to the two categories of mid-down market papers The influence of the reader in newspaper style is supported by the research carried out by Bell  [7]  and Jucker  [8]  . Bell, in his studies on naming expressions, states that this practice was more common in papers like The Sun, The Mirror, and The Express than in The Telegraph, The Guardian and The Times. After studying the deletion of determiners Jucker divided British newspapers into three categories: up-market; The Times, Financial Times, The Guardian, The Independent, The Daily telegraph, midmarket; Daily Mail, Daily Express, down-market; Daily Mirror, The Daily Star, and The Sun. He found that determiners were deleted more often in down-market papers than in mid-market papers, while there were very few deletions in style with a certain type of reader. Methodology Many considerations were taken in terms of which method would be best to use in order to carry out the investigation into the use of determiners in the media. The first decision that had to be made was which branch of the media would be used as a source for the study. The options ranged from television programs, magazines, internet websites, radio and newspapers. The choice of newspapers was made based primarily on access to previous research, mentioned in the above Background Research section of this report. The fact that a similar study had been carried out byBell et al. in the comparison of determiner usage between the different types of newspaper gave a good basis on which to base this study. Added to this is the intrigue of whether the results obtained will have a similar outcome to those obtained by these linguists twenty years ago. The next step was to realise that in order to study determiners, a content analysis was the only possible method that could be used. It was also the same method used by Bell et al. in their study. However there are many advantages and disadvantages of using this process that led to many limitations to the practical side of the study. It is fairly time consuming which can often limit the researcher to a smaller sample than a less time consuming method. The chance for a margin of error is increased particularly if relational analysis is used. This study does require a level of relational analysis; that being the assumption of what, by todays standard of English, counts as a missing determiner and what does not; which limits the validity of the results, especially if the intention is to directly compare the results found by Bell et al. It is also difficult to computerize and therefore the results obtained have to be manually automated which adds to the total time consumption that using a digital content analysis could perhaps have avoided. On the other hand there are many advantages to using content analysis such as the fact that it can combine quantitative and qualitative operations through the ability to see clearly the context of the deletion or inclusion. This method also has very few ethical issues as it is available to the public and no permission is needed in order to access it. It is also a very unobtrusive means of analysing the use of the English Language. It is also reliable as this study has been done before and can be repeated by the same or other researchers. The study therefore began firstly by selecting a number of different newspapers to compare. This was done by initially selecting an equal number of British papers that are considered up-market newspapers, i.e. The Times, The Guardian, The Daily Telegraph, and an equal number of mid-downmarket  [9]  newspapers such as The Daily Mail, The Sun and The Daily Star. The six papers aforementioned were picked from those available from the University Shop on campus, with each category of newspaper represented and to be used in comparison with each other. They were then grouped into the retrospective classes: Group 1 included The Times, The Daily Telegraph and The Guardian; Group 2 included The Sun, The Daily Mail and The Daily Star. The hypothesis, that fewer determiners will be deleted from the papers in Group 1 than the amount deleted from Group 2, was then decided upon. After the newspapers were selected the specific details of how this content analysis would be carried out was then agreed upon. It was decided that two articles would be analysed from each of the six papers; one regarding a political subject and the other focussing on sport. This was done in order to firstly observe if there was any difference between the uses of determiners between the papers and then secondly if there was a difference within the different papers when the subject matter was different. It was clear that in order to increase the validity of this research the newspapers analysed would have to all be taken from the same date and then the articles chosen were to be about the same topic within politics and sport. The newspapers were therefore collected for analysis on the 6th May 2010 and the similar stories of the day in the two subject areas were then analysed. It was decided that the headlines and tag lines of all the articles would be included in the study. However it was recognised that headlines in general tend to have determiner deletions as standard. After the articles were selected the exact process of working out the determiner deletion was decided upon. Firstly the article word length was counted and recorded, then the entire article was analysed and all the determiners within the article were highlighted and totalled. Then a second analysis of each article was carried out in order to locate where the determiners were missing in accordance with Standard English practice.  [10]  These would again be totalled and recorded in a spread sheet where the number of determiners which have been deleted would be calculated as a percentage of the total determiners that could have been used in the entire article. Although every measure has been taken to improve the reliability, validity and practical issues posed by any method of research, this study is not without its limitations. Firstly not all the variables can be controlled. Firstly, the sex of the journalist whom had written each article is not being taken into account. This means that the results obtained could be reduced in validity, due to the fact that gender could have an influence over the amount of determiners used within the articles. In a similar vein, the age of the journalist is also unknown, which could similarly have an impact upon the amount of determiners used or deleted. It is also a fairly subjective study and it is likely that some determiner deletions could be overlooked depending upon the researcher carrying out the study. Due to the time consuming nature of this method as aforementioned the sample size had to be kept quite small to three newspapers of the two different categories. This reduces the representativeness of the study as not all newspapers have been analysed. Added to this, only one newspaper considered mid-market has been used alongside two considered down market which means the sample is not as representative as it could be. Therefore it is probably unlikely that any generalisations can be made from this study only suggestions. Results The table of results and bar graphs for this study can be found in Appendices 1.0 2.2. Discussion As stated in the hypothesis it would have been expected that this study would produce results similar to those presented by Bell in 1991, though possibly not so polarised and extreme, with up-markets exhibiting the least amount of determiner deletion and mid-down markets the highest. When looking at the sum of the combined averages for up-market newspapers and the mid-down market newspapers it can be seen that the up market newspapers had the combined average determiner deletion of 31.9% and the mid-down market newspapers had the combined average determiner deletion of 44.17%. This suggests that the hypothesis that fewer determiners will be deleted from the newspapers considered up-market (Group 1) than the amount deleted from those newspapers considered mid and down-market (Group 2) is supported by the results found. The newspaper with the highest average deletions was the mid-market newspaper, The Daily Mail, with an average of 15.97% determiner deletion. However, very surprisingly the up-market newspaper, The Guardian, came out with the second highest average percentage of determiner deletion, at 20.78%. Not only is this unexpected because it is an up-market newspaper, but also because The Guardians politics article had the highest determiner deletion percentage within the entire study. Based on the premise that up-markets are aimed at a higher and more educated social class than mid-down markets, and also that politics articles are likely to draw a more sophisticated readership than sports articles, it was anticipated that the former type of newspaper would use a more standard form of English with a lower percentage of determiner deletion. In addition to this, it was presumed that sports articles would also have a higher percentage of determiner deletion than articles written about politics bu t this was not found to be the case with many of the newspapers. The Daily Telegraph was the paper that supported the hypothesis the most as it came in at the bottom with only 6.09% deletion for its politics article, and this is what was supposed would happen taking into account Bells study and findings. Nevertheless, it was The Daily Telegraphs sports article that actually came in with the lowest amount of deletion, with only 3.88%. This finding was unforeseen, but it may be that the journalist writing the politics article for The Daily Telegraph wished to make it snappier so as to attract a larger audience, and believed that deleting determiners would achieve this effect. The Times supports the hypothesis as its sports article contains 15.7% of determiner deletion, but only 7.34% in its politics issue. It is also relatively near the bottom of the table as would be expected, considering it is one of the chosen up-market newspapers. The Times was in fact the newspaper that Bell found had the least amount determiner deletion in 1991, with only 5%. However it has been found that as time has passed journalists from both types of papers tend to use determiner deletion as much as each other. It is perhaps now the case that they are less concerned with targeting a very specific audience and more so with selling newspapers. It seems to be mid-down market papers that have changed the most. Bell found that they all had 73% deletion of determiners or above, whereas this study has found that the highest percentage of a mid-down market newspaper is 20.48% from The Sun. Perhaps these newspapers are trying to make themselves appear less mid-market, and appeal to a more sophisticated audience. Improvements If this study was to be performed again there are a few ways in which it could be improved. Firstly, as two members of the group worked out the percentage of determiner deletion there is immediately going to be a difference in results as deciding where determiners should be and have been deleted is a subjective process. It is not always clear and so perhaps if this were to be replicated each member of the group should work out the percentage from all papers and then compare the findings, working out the average percentage of deletion. Using a larger sample would also be beneficial as one article may not be representative of the whole newspaper, and so there may have been anomalies within the results. The articles chosen were all of varied lengths and so this could have affected the results. It may be that articles tend to have the most determiner deletion at the end and therefore the longer an article is the higher percentage of deletion. It could even be possible that the journalists articles that were chosen to be analysed could have previously or aspired to be a writer for the other type of newspaper, and so arestill writing in that style. This is possibly something that could have been researched to ensure the articles used in this study were written by the same types of authors and were truly representative of the whole papers style. Moreover, there was no focus in the study on one particular sex and therefore next time a comparison between male journalists writing for up-markets and female journalists writin g for the same type of paper could be looked into and compared against mid-down market newspapers. It would be interesting to discover whether females for example chose to delete more determiners than males. Conclusion In conclusion, this study has supported the hypothesis but only to an extent. It has found a very mixed set of results; with some papers supporting the hypothesis and others challenging it. Whilst it was found that a mid-down market newspaper did have the highest average percentage of determiner deletion what was most surprising was that The Guardian has the second highest average percentage of determiner deletion, which would very much suggest that times and the styles attributed to each type of newspaper have changed drastically in the twenty years since Bell performed his study. This may possibly be due to the fact that newspaper sales are continually declining, and so both types of papers are trying to appeal to a wider audience. As suggested by Roy Greenslade, print cant compete with 24-hour news on television and radio,  [11]  and so they need to do all they can to up their sales. If up-market newspapers for example continue to focus on an upper-class audience then they are seriously limiting their number of potential buyers, and so buy removing determiners they make their articles snappier and more accessible to a larger audience. It is also possible that the complexity of the issues reported on in up-market newspapers actually makes it harder to cut out determiners, and therefore the political issues have a higher amount of determiner deletion because their authors try a lot harder to do so. Finally, the results obtained by this study imply that the percentage of determiner deletion could depend more on the journalist writing the article, as opposed to the type of newspaper they are writing for. Bibliography Allen, Robert, The Penguin English Dictionary, (London: The Penguin Group, 2001) Bell, Allen, The Language of the News Media, (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991) Giles, Howard and Peter F. Powesland,  Speech Style and Social Evaluation, (London: Academic Press, 1975) Holmes, Janet, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, (Essex, Pearson Education Limited), pp. 137-138 Leonhard, Joachim-Fà ©lix, Hans-Werner Ludwig, Media Science: A Manual for the Development of the Media and Communication Forms, (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter Co., 2002) Jucker, Andreas H, Social stylistics: Syntactic Variation in British Newspapers, (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter Co., 1992) Roy Greensdale, Newspaper Sales Plunge over the Decade, Monday 14th December, 2009 [accessed 19th May 2010] Appendix 1.0 A Table of Results Newspaper Type Article Subject % Deletion Average Combined Average Article Word Count No. of Determiners No. of Deleted Determiners The Guardian Up-market Politics 20.78% 15.39% 870 154 32 Sport 10.00% 795 140 14 The Times Up-market Politics 7.34% 11.52% 727 109 8 Sport 15.70% 634 121 19 The Telegraph Up-market Politics 6.09% 4.99% 31.90% 800 115 7 Sport 3.88% 827 103 4 The Daily Mail Mid-market Politics 16.03% 15.97% 799 131 21 Sport 15.91% 878 132 21 The Sun Mid-market Politics 20.48% 14.37% 767 83 13 Sport 8.25% 587 97 8 The Daily Star Down-market Politics 19.10% 13.84% 44.17% 694 115 22 Sport 8.57% 836 105 9 Appendix 2.0 A Bar Graph Depicting the Results of Determiner Deletions between the Types of Newspapers and Subject Matter Appendix 2.1 A Bar Graph Depicting the Results of Average Determiner Deletions between all Newspapers

Isabel Allende?s ?Two Words :: essays research papers

Loss and Survival in Isabel Allende’s â€Å"Two Words† Because Belisa Crepusculario had such a difficult childhood in which she experienced so much loss in her life, she is forced to become a stronger person both mentally and physically to survive such devastating circumstances. It will ultimately be this strong sense of survival that she develops through these experiences of great loss, which will guide her through the survival of life threatening situations. Belisa had a rough childhood. She was born into a family that was very poor. On top of dealing with poverty, Belisa also had to deal with living in a place that wasn’t suited very well for inhabitants. This quote explains her childhood quite well. â€Å"Belisa Crepusculario had been born into a family so poor they did not even have names to give their children. She came into the world and grew up in an inhospitable land where some years the rains became avalanches of water that bore everything away before them and others when not a drop fell from the sky and the sun swelled to fill the horizon and the world became a desert. Until she was twelve, Belisa had no occupation or virtue other than having withstood hunger and the exhaustion of centuries† (10). I believe that this quote sets up the rest of the story about Belisa because it portrays her as someone who endured many hardships as a young child and those are what helped her become a stronger person for those hardships. Belisa also had to endure great loss of family members as a young child. She was the only child out of her five siblings to survive a horrible drought that swept through the area where she lived, that claimed her four siblings. This quote explains those circumstances. â€Å"During one interminable drought, it fell to her to bury four younger brothers and sisters; when she realized that her turn was next, she decided to set out across the plains in the direction of the sea, in hopes that she might trick death along the way† (10). I believe that her strong will to survive is what made her leave home, because she did not want to just whither away into death like the rest of her family had done. She wants to live and that was quite evident. While Belisa is making her way toward the sea, she encounters others who are doing likewise, to avoid the great drought.

Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay -- Stevenson Je

Robert Louis Stevenson's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde The novella ‘Dr Jekyll And Mr Hyde’ was written by Robert Louis Stevenson in the Victorian era. The book was first published in 1886 in England and it brought high success to the author. The final chapter of the novella which is ‘Henry Jekyll’s Full Statement Of The Case’ explores the ways that the author presents Victorian attitudes to the nature of humans. Stevenson explains to the reader that humans have lots of different sides to each other and not just one. He also explains how duplicitous humans are. â€Å"I stood already committed to a profound duplicity of life† Pg69 The text was written in the Victorian era which was around the 1800’s. In those days the Victorian culture was very different to today’s culture. They had strict moral codes to live under as middle class people. They argued that as Victorian values they should look after themselves and their family first and also they should not rely on outside help. Another Victorian value expected of them was to live a life without any sin. Even though the cultural context influences people, not every Victorian person obeyed the values outside the public. The Victorian people had paradoxical views because they would go out drinking and also the porn industry was famous out side public life. Beliefs in religion were having a turn point because of the introduction of science in to the Victorian era. Victorians were expected to live a life of Puritanism. The main characters in this text are Dr Jekyll, Mr Hyde, Mr Utterson and Mr Enfield, Dr Lanyon and Poole the butler. Mr Utterson and Mr Enfield are both Victorian lawyers who are well respected from other people. ‘those who encountered them in th... ...orals are still relevant today because humans in today’s society all have a good and evil side in them like Dr Jekyll did. The nurture of all humans is always different because one day you can be good and the other day you can be full of evil. In my opinion our upbringing doesn’t mean we will be like that because what we learn form outside can influence our personality too. In Dr Jekyll’s case he was brought up to be a Victorian gentleman but he didn’t like the life of a Victorian gentleman as it was boring to him. So the change into Hyde that he had was his type of life as he got to do what he wanted to. Drugs in today’s society are the same as Victorian time but it is commonly known to the public. Where as in Victorian days it was illegal to take drugs. ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ has a social moral to it which tells the reader how to behave in a society.

Star Wars: An Intergalactic Joyride :: essays research papers fc

Star Wars: An Intergalactic Joyride "Star Wars" is the highest grossing movie of all time. It is also one of my favorites. It was released in May 1977 and re-released in a restored and enhanced Special Edition just last month. There are many different criteria that can be used to describe Å’Star Wars' appeal. Gary Arnold and Edward Rothstein, two movie critics who had the opportunity to review this great movie, explain its appeal in very much the same way. There is a difference though. Arnold reviewed the original Å’Star Wars' twenty years ago and Rothstein reviewed the recent Special Edition. While they reviewed slightly different versions, they both came to the conclusion that Star Wars is a great movie based on similar criteria. They judged Å’Star Wars' on its ability to draw on classic styles and timeless stories to create something new and absolutely original. The main factor in both of their positive reviews is the skill of writer and director George Lucas to blend the old with the new. They were both impressed with his miraculously fresh configuration of many different themes from classic film and mythic origin into a cohesive and entertaining movie. He has achieved a witty and exhilarating synthesis of themes and cliches from the Flash Gordon and Buck Rogers comics and serials, plus such related but less expected sources as the western, the pirate melodrama, the aerial combat melodrama and the samurai epic. The movie's irresistible stylistic charm derives from the fact that Lucas can draw upon a variety of action-movie sources with unfailing deftness and humor. He is in superlative command of his own movie-nurtured fantasy life. Gary Arnold, Washington Post Staff Writer Mr. Rothstein along the same lines as Mr. Arnold, mentions that Å’the plot line of Star Wars follows the mythic archetechture outlined by Joseph Campbell in his study of myth, "The Hero with a Thousand Faces," which has influenced Mr. Lucas.' Another aspect, unique to Rothstein's review of the new Special Edition but not quite different from Arnold's assessment, is the way in which the movie celebrates the past and not the future. This aspect of Å’Star Wars', Rothstein says, is what Å’screams out in opposition to the high-budget, high-tech, special- effect spectaculars that it (Star Wars) spawned.' This is where, Rothstein says, that Å’Star Wars' gets its authenticity. The whimsical ramshackleness is actually meant to be a sign of the heroes' authenticity: what is older is more powerful... technology, when it appears in Å’Star Wars,' is evil, ghastly, massive and brutish..."advanced" invention is most evident in the space ships of the evil

Fantastic Mr Fox Essay

In times of immense strife, a child’s relationship with their parents becomes more important. As a child’s world is turned upside down, they cling to the familiar as means of self-identification and discovery in confusing circumstances. But when parent child relationships become unhealthy, a child’s sense of identity is damaged as they struggle to rectify their sense of self without clear role models to follow. In particular, relationships between parents and children of the same gender carry with them gendered ideals of self and identity that further strain the relationship between the parent and child. Both Fantastic Mr. Fox and Maus look at father son relationships that are under immense strain, and how the characters discover their identities through working their troubled relationships out. Throughout both of these works, there is a theme of self-discovery as the means of improving relationships and the moral of each story is that to understand truly each other, one must first understand oneself. The film adaptation/imagination of Roald Dahl’s Fantastic Mr.  Fox deviates from the source material in positive ways and introduces an interesting father-son subplot between the titular protagonist and his son(s). At the start of the film, Mr. Fox and his son Ash have difficulties communicating with each other. An ambitious and upward thinking individual, Mr. Fox is less than thrilled with his son’s wiry frame and lack of athletic ability. Ash falls short of the â€Å"ideal† athletic masculine archetype that Mr. Fox likes to think of himself as, so when the naturally athletic Kristofferson comes to stay with the Foxes, Mr.  Fox naturally gravitates towards a father-son relationship with Kristofferson. This causes Ash to feel tension and jealousy because he sees Kristofferson as a rival for his father’s attention. As the movie progresses and Mr. Fox’s schemes for advancement begin to take shape, he involves first Kristofferson, due to his natural athletic ability, further deepening the rift between Ash and his father. It gets to the point that Ash is willing to risk his life on his father’s heists just to earn his respect because he believes that his father values  Kristofferson more than his â€Å"different† son. This desire for his father’s attention is diminished considerably when Fox’s scheming and theft inevitably bring the farmer’s wrath down on the animals. The pedestal that Ash placed his father on is broken and Ash decides to stop trying to be his father and instead embrace the facets of his character that makes him† different†. This leads to greater self-actualization for Ash who utilizes his unconventional talents in time to save his father’s life and defeat the farmers. What is important to note here is that Ash’s self-discovery comes as a he breaks free of his father’s expectations and comes to accept himself as a unique and important individual in his own right. His father comes to accept Ash not for conforming to his own ideals but for embracing his individuality. Ash’s relationship with his father only strengthens and deepens when Ash comes into his own as a person. Ash’s development and self-discovery comes in spite of his interaction with his father and their relationship only matures as Ash develops his own persona. Both Mr.  Fox and Ash discover themselves through understanding one another; once Mr. Fox discards his mid-life crisis and Ash makes peace with his eccentricities, both are capable of having a healthy relationship with each other. The same father-son tension fuels character development in Maus, as the relationship between Art Spiegelman and his father, Vladek, develops over the course of this graphic novel. Though Maus is primarily focused on Vladek’s own Holocaust narrative, the interaction with his son Art does not occur until after the Holocaust has happened, thus coloring Vladek’s interpretation of the world. Art states, â€Å"In some ways, my father didn’t survive the Holocaust† . Vladek’s experiences affect his worldview to the point where he has difficulty relating to his son, who simply cannot imagine the things Vladek had to do to survive. This gap in understanding drives the conflict between the characters as Art struggles to get away from his father’s presence in order to establish an identity for himself as an artist. But however hard he tries, moving on with his life demands that he understands his father, something that Art has always found difficult. I mean, I can’t even make any sense out of my relationship with my father †¦ how am I supposed to make sense out of Auschwitz?†¦ 0f the Holocaust? † . While these questions linger with Art and the reader long after the final page (largely because such senseless tragedy defies comprehension), in working with his father to comprehend his story, Art begins to understand his father bet ter. In doing so, Art is able to make peace with his father and begin constructing his own identity as something other than a reaction to his father and the suffering he endured. Art moves past merely rejecting the pressure his father puts on him, accepting his father’s struggle and in the process their relationship is strengthened. Art and Vladek help each other to move on with their lives to differing degrees and in the process grow closer to one another as more complete individuals. Both Mr. Fox and Vladek care about their children and genuinely want to do right by them but both are grappling with their own issues of identity in the midst of personal crises way beyond the comprehension of their sons. Likewise, Ash and Art’s own sense of self-suffering, due to the strained relationships they had with their parents come into play. In order for any kind of healthy relationship to exist, meaningful self-discovery and self-actualization is necessary on the part of both individuals. The heartening message to take away from these stories is that a meaningful parent-child relationship cannot exist between individuals who themselves are incomplete. The parent and the child must first look to their â€Å"inner selves† to make themselves more personally complete before they can truly enjoy a meaningful and satisfying parent-child relationship.

My favourites

Well when I go off to wonder I always Like to think about my favorite things. For Instance my favorite color Is green. I think what It would be like to have everything that color must get boring to after a while of always seeing that color right well my sister's room Is all pink and she still buys a lot of other oink stuff. My favorite kind of shoe is the high heel. I know what you might think at seeing me I am socio tall I should not want to be taller but I like how it makes me look. Long legs, great calves and awesome posture. My favorite animal is a frog.I love frogs I wish my mom would let me have a frog, but she says that they are gross. I don't really think that they are gross they are living creatures. I have a bunch of stuffed animals of them and they are also green. My favorite Disney princess is Princess Aurora. Most people think her name is Rose or know her better by Sleeping Beauty. I love her movie I practically know It by memory. They have made so many other versions o f that movie and they Just practically ruin It. I Like her because my mom says that my older sister Is Belle, I'm Aurora and my little sister Is Cinderella.My favorite place to be Is a little town In Mexico named Callow. It In the state of Causalities. I have spent most of my life there so I take that place to heart. I also spent all my teenage life there so I feel I grew up with the mentality of over there. My favorite body part it is my hair. Its curly a beautiful color and shiny. And I feel unique with it, since I am the only one in my house with curly hair. Daniel Rodriguez Princess Aurora she is my favorite Disney princess. My mom likes to say that my sisters look like the three mayor princesses (Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella and Belle).She says since I am not that blonde or that dark. That leaves me as Sleeping Beauty. Another reason that I am Like her is that I sleep a lot. When I think about sleeping beauty, I think that It Is about the love of parents. That no matter how much you try to protect your children anything can happen and will happen. I also feel that it means that life can get better when you find the perfect one, your prince Philip. Another interpretation is that when he wakes you up to what life is really about. Even though everything happened to Aurora when she was 16 and know I am 19 1 still feel that one day something like that might happen to me.Puff I wish Just something similar. I mean I am still single. Whenever I feel bad about my love life I see that movie and feel better it is like my safe little place. I'll admit that I have the stuffed dolls of all the Sleeping Beauty characters. And I sometimes think about my wedding, yes I think about my wedding, I hope my wedding dress Is Like hers In some ways of course. I don't know I Just really Like everything about her. The weird thing Is that my best friends are usually In the number three, Like the fairy god mothers. In conclusion I love that movie and princess.

Relationship Between Child Abuse and Delinquency

A child is an innocent figure only looking for love and care from those around them. No one can ever imagine that the lives of children are put in danger everyday. Child abuse is commonly known for physical marks such as bruises or broken bones. It is obvious that some marks are not from falling off a bike and those are the signs that appear that something is wrong with the child. According to the Florida Statue, abuse means any willful act or threatened act that results in any physical, mental, or sexual injury or harm that causes or is likely to cause the child’s physical, mental, or emotional health to be significantly impaired.Abuse of a child includes acts or omissions. Corporal discipline of a child by a parent or legal custodian for disciplinary purposes does not in itself constitute abuse when it does not result in harm to the child. [s. 39. 01(2),F. S. ]. However, there are several types of abuse. Emotional abuse and neglect can also mean making a child feel worthless , not paying attention to them, and putting them in dangerous situations. Whether it is physical or not child abuse is never an answer to a situation because the end result will only cause harm.Some often wonder about child delinquents and the reason behind their actions. Children’s behavior can be the result of genetic, social, and environmental factors. In addition, it can relate to their emotional, cognitive, and physical characteristics. In this particular topic it is a factor as to why children become a delinquent. Some may debate that it is not a result of child abuse that children’s behavior become corrupt but there are behaviors that mirror what the child is going through in their life. I. Prevalence Once a child has been abused there are several outcomes for them as they grow up.With that outcome creates a strong relationship between child abuse and later delinquency. Being abused at a young age increases the occurrence of a child to become delinquent and resu lts in being arrested. Researchers found that the prevalence of child abuse was a risk factor for delinquency, violent delinquency, and moderate delinquency. It was seen frequently in a more serious form of delinquency in dealing with assaults but not in lesser forms of delinquency such as underage drinking (Cross, 2003). On the other side of this issue some people believe that being abused as a child does not ecessarily mean that the child will become a delinquent. Abuse alone does not lead to an act of violence. It would seem that something peculiar about certain kinds of abuse would promote delinquency or that additional factors interact with abuse and together it will contribute to the development of antisocial, often aggressive behavior. Although about 20 percent of abused children go on to become delinquent, retrospective studies indicate that surprisingly high percentages of delinquents were previously abused, neglected, or both.The United States Department of Health and Huma n Services has estimated that approximately 3. 4 children per 1,000 per year are physically abused. These proportions provide some measure with which to compare the prevalence of a history of abuse in delinquents (Cicchetti, 2001). II. Effects on Children There are several effects on children involved in child abuse. These effects are so strong that a child may never be able to deal and cope with what they have experienced. Effects may range from having trouble in relationships with others to not being able to function in a work setting.For children as young as twelve months old there are immediate effects of child abuse such as injuries resulting from shaking. Physical child abuse can vary from child to child depending on six factors: severity of the physical abuse, frequency of the abuse, age of the child when physical abuse begun, child’s relationship to the abuser, availability of support from people, and child’s ability to cope (Pipe, 2008). How hard a child is st ruck is only one aspect of severity. The object in which the child is struck with can also be a factor.It does not mean that a fist or an open hand will cause less effects but, the measure of damaged done to the child can make a big difference in how the child will cope. It only takes one punch, one slap, or one broken bone to lead to a severe trauma and the more a child is abused on a regular basis the more effects will be placed on the child. If a child is being abused at a young age it will leave more of an impact on them. It will also show a bigger impression as they continue to age. As for the abuser, it is usually someone the child knows and has a close relationship with such as a parent.When being close to the abuser it makes it harder for the child to betray their trust in telling others what is occurring. A child may even fear the abuser and is force to keep quiet so they will not face harsher punishments. Instead of having that person take care of them they are hurting the child. Sometimes a child has one person or friend who they can turn to when they feel lost or confused about what is happening to them but, when there is no one to lean on they may encounter feelings of abandonment which then adds on to more effects of abuse.Coping strategies can also be a form of effects for children. An abused child may be the class clown in class where they use their humor to cover up their sufferings. Some other effects include lack of trust and relationship difficulties. Being abused by the one person who should be the first person to trust is putting a child in a position that no one is safe. By breaking that bond and trust with a child it will forever make it difficult for them to have a relationship with anyone.They may never understand what a good relationship consists of since all they know is how to be abusive and controlling over another person. Another effect on children is feeling worthless. Some believe that name calling should not leave a mark on a person but for young children not knowing any better or understanding the concept of what is being done to them can make them truly believe whatever is being said to them. They will believe that they are not smart or pretty and grow up thinking that they are damaged and are good for nothing.Lastly, abused children tend to have problems expressing their feelings and regulating their emotions. Some children keep quiet to themselves and hold all their emotions inside while others may lash out unexpectedly causing them to become aggressive and harming others. If these emotions are not dealt with right away it will carry on to their adulthood where they will struggle with issues such as anger and depression which then can lead to drugs and alcohol. The effects of abuse can continue on in a variety of ways but this is only a handful of effects that can occur. III.Role of Professional Social Worker in addressing the issue A social worker, whether protective or one who has other job functio ns, is considered to be a professional (Popple and Leighninger, 2007). A professional is one who possesses the following: a systematic body of knowledge, authority because of his or her expertise, sanction from the community, a code of ethics, a professional culture, and an obligation to professionalism or to perform competently (Crowsson-Tower, 2010). As for child abuse, a social worker must know and understand what is going on in the home of an abusive child.He or she will need to have the knowledge of how to work with the family and what they do and do not like. Being in this field of work a social worker will have the role of working with different systems such as the community and the government. They will need to be aware of what will always be best for the client even if it results in removing a child from the home. A child may not understand why they are being taken away from their home but the social worker will have to trust their instincts of how to handle the situation.A social worker will always have the authority from their agency to take and place children into the foster care system. From knowledge, authority, and community sanctions social workers are able and are mandated to report any situation they feel should be reported. By committing these acts, a social worker is following the code of ethics as well as a professional mannerism. In addition, social workers and administrators may hold divergent views on the needs of the clients within the context of overall agency responsibilities.Thus, there is a culture of related professionals who, despite similarities, are often quite different in their views and opinions (Crosson-Tower, 2010). Other roles a profession social worker must carry is having ethical competence. There are many diverse clients who social workers will come across and will need to be able to relate to their client’s values, language, history, traditions, and basic ways to accommodate the needs of the minority clients. F urthermore, when having clients that are young like children, social workers will need to know personal qualities such as showing warmth and sensitivity.These qualities are crucial in this role as many children who have been abused do not understand how it feels to be nurtured. A social worker may not get carried away with their sensitive side as it is also their responsibility to provide structure and allocate the duties of the child’s case. IV. Intervention Techniques Once a child has been abused and a social worker has been informed everything becomes intensified when dealing with the family. An intervention process is then put into work where techniques are brought into the scene so no harm is done and no one will remain upset.Effective intervention that is, to intervene so as to cause the least damage and prove the most helpful with culturally diverse populations necessitates several areas of expertise on the part of the worker and agency (Fontes, 2008; Leigh, 1998; Roth man, 2007). If there is a city with a high culture of Hispanics, it is a good technique to have many case workers who are fluent in Spanish. Creating intervention techniques may be easy or difficult depending on the family. However, one main technique that is proven to be helpful is identifying the strengths of the family.Before they know what they have done is wrong it is easier to develop a bond with them by assuring them that they can trust you as their social worker. As this trust is gained it is merely one step at a time and one problem at a time for the family. The social worker will then help the family choose their goals and how to go about accomplishing them. In this particular circumstance in child abuse there are a lot of resources that must be used during the intervention stage. A family will need to focus on treatment of an abusive parent, legal issues, employment, parenting skills, and any other services needed for the intervention.Removing a child from the home may be best at this point since signs of abuse are obvious but it may also be a benefit for the parent where they are able to relieve any tension and focus on themselves. Techniques that are commonly used in intervention also consist of self-disclosure, instilling hope, working through resistance, and use of a sense of humor. Demonstrating similar stories on how people overcome problems in the same situation will help the client realize that they are not the only ones who have been put in their situation and it is possible for them to make a turnaround.Instilling hope gives the client the strength and confidence in themselves and the ability to become a better person. There may be some parents who refuse to work through treatment but social workers should not take this as an offense as it may be that the parents have always been passive. The social worker will then have to work with the parents in trying to get to them to open up. Lastly, by demonstrating a sense of humor with laughter gi ves off a comfort to the client. V. Implications for PracticeAs the saying goes, practice makes perfect however, in this profession one can never receive enough practice. Working with others is a big responsibility where the life of someone such as children is placed in your hands to protect. The most evident ways to practice for this career is to take as many courses as possible to prepare you for any and every situation possible. Never assume to work with only one client population as there are a various ethnicities. One must be able to work with diverse populations and be able to research on cultures if it is not known.Some other suggestions for practice are to role play with others who are involved with working in the same field. Being put in a position is the experience that all future social workers need whether they are the client or the case worker. Researching on cases and learning the concepts behind the meaning of why and how protocols are used can be an immense amount of help. Volunteering as well will give the experience a person will need to work in this field. It is better to find out early on that this is a career one wants then to be stressed over why they chose to do it.Shadowing workers can also give good practice on what to do and what not to do when working with clients. In the end, once you are placed in the field and are working with others, a social worker will grasp the concept and procedures of how to handle each case. As long as the passion is there to do what it best for the client the social worker will always be doing their job. References Chapter 39, Florida Statues and excerpts from the Florida rules of juvenile procedure. (2005). Tallahassee: Florida Cicchetti, D. (2001).Child maltreatment: theory and research on the causes and consequences of child abuse and neglect. New York: New York Cross, Theodore P. , Wendy A. Walsh,  Monique Simone,  Lisa M. Jones, â€Å"Prosecution of Child Abuse: A Meta-Analysis of Rates of Crimin al Justice Decisions,† Trauma, Violence, & Abuse: A Review Journal. Volume 4 (October 2003): pages 323-340. Crosson-Tower, C. (2010). Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect (8th ed. ). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Fontes, L. A. (2008). Child Abuse and Culture. New York: Guilford. Leigh, J. W. (1998). Communicating for Cultural Competence.Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Pipe, Margaret-Ellen, Yael Orbach, Michael Lamb, Craig B. Abbott, Heather Stewart, Do Best Practice Interviews with Child Abuse Victims Influence Case Processing? (pdf, 123 pages), Washington, D. C. , National Institute of Justice, U. S. Department of Justice, NCJ 224524, November 2008. Popple, P. R. , and Leighninger, I. (2007). Social Work, Social Welfare, and American Society. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Rothman. J. C. (2007). Cultural Competence in Process and Practice: Building Bridges. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson

Philosophy of mind Essay

?The theory of Dualism refers to the idea that a substance is made up of two fundamental components; mind and matter. The mind component of Dualism refers to thinking and consciousness without an extension into space, whereas, the matter component of Dualism refers to a substance which pertains physical properties which extends into space. The essential essence of the mind is thought, while the essence of the body is extension, which is examined in Renee Descartes’ Six Meditation in which he explores the ontological distinction between mind and matter. Descartes argues that God only allows us to perceive that which exists, otherwise he would be known to be deceitful. Furthermore, one can perceive two separate entities as complete things whose principal attributes exclude one another, therefore, God can also separate these entities to allow them to exist without one another. This point goes on to demonstrate that if two entities can exist in separation, regardless of whether they do or they don’t, they really are distinct of one another. Ultimately, in relation to Cartesian Dualism, the mind cannot be perceived as a substance which pertains to an extension, and subsequently matter is clearly perceived as a substance to which the mind does not pertain. Descartes goes on to highlight that due to the aforementioned reasons, the mind and body can exist separate of each other, concluding that they are distinct. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa In response to Descartes’ input on Dualism, Jaegwon Kim essentially puts forward the idea that objects that are intangible, such as the mind, cannot interact with tangible objects located in space, however, they’re also unable to react causally to any other object as well. In essence, Kim aims to demonstrate that intangible things have an inability to form causal relationships in any manner with any object. Ultimately Kim suggests that due to intangible things inability to form causal relationships with other objects, it makes the ideas Dualism puts forward in relation to intangible objects, useless and invalid. Kim’s causal pairing problem causes trouble for the idea of Dualism and it renders it as useless and somewhat invalid for the reason that it demonstrates that intangible things such as the mind essentially are unable to interact with tangible objects as there is no correlation between causes and effects. Bibliography.

International Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Terrorism - Essay Example In addition, U.S. intelligence reports say that Hezbollah cells operate in Europe, Africa, South America, and North America. Despite Israel's 2000 withdrawal from Lebanon, Hezbollah continues to periodically shell Israeli forces in the disputed Shebaa Farms border zone. Jihad is a spiritual war fought for the cause of preserving religion. It has a great significance in the lives of Muslims. Like any language, Arabic has unique words which have a particular meaning which cannot be translated precisely. The best translation known for such a word is the following: a sincere and noticeable effort (for good); an all true and unselfish striving for spiritual good. Jihad as presented in theQuranand any ofthe other scriptures implies the striving of spiritual good. Thereby Jihad can not be called as a terrorist activity it is simply a tool for safeguarding the religious rights. This Jihad particularly involves change in one's self and mentality. It may concern the sacrifice of material property, social class and even emotional comfort solely for the salvation and worship of 'God alone'. As a result, one who practices Jihad will gain tremendously in the Hereafter. Question 3 (Osama bin Laden and rise of Al-Qaeda) Osama bin Laden is key role player in this world. He is the leader of a small organization working at a massive scale. He is considered to be the most dangerous terrorist in the world. Bin Laden joined the Afghan resistance in 1979 and became a commander in the guerilla wars against the Soviet Union in the 1980s. After that war ended, bin Laden founded a loose organization of pro-Islamic terrorists known as al-Qaeda. Bin laden has been the main source of terror in the US. After the Soviet... The researcher mentiones that Hamas is that it is a militant antipeace process organization, bent on Israel's total destruction and the establishment of a Palestinian State - an Islamic theocracy - in Israel’s place. Hamas has been actively involved in breaching peace for the Palestinians how ever its initiative are against Israel and they show themselves as the global enemy of Israel thus threatening to remove the state of Israel from the map. Hezbollah is a Lebanese umbrella organization of radical ‘Islamic Shiite’ groups and organizations. It opposes the West, seeks to create a Muslim fundamentalist state modeled on Iran, and is a bitter foe of Israel. Hezbollah, whose name means â€Å"party of God,† is a terrorist group believed responsible for nearly 200 attacks since 1982 that have killed more than 800 people, according to the Terrorism Knowledge Base. Osama bin Laden is key role player in this world. He is the leader of a small organization working a t a massive scale. He is considered to be the most dangerous terrorist in the world. Bin Laden joined the Afghan resistance in 1979. The researcher then concluds that it is hard to negotiate with such organizations as they are strongly religious and no one can make an extremist understand easily as the extremist will do anything in order to prove his right and worth. As far as bin Laden is concerned, he is from a tribal family which again makes him a rigid man, a man of principles, which he will never forego who emphasized his desire to secure the withdrawal of U.S.

Data base design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Data base design - Essay Example ReqLayout EquipmentType Room Roomno (PK) Name (Room Name or Eating area description) Roomtype (Conf. Or Eating) Capacity Costpersession Openfor RefreshmentMealDetail OrgCode (PK) RMdate (PK) (where RM is refreshment and Meal) RMtime (PK) Roomno/Mealroom (PK) OrderId (PK) Ordertype (refreshment / meal) Quantity Order OrderId (PK) Description (beverage name, lunch, dinner, evening) 3NF Eliminate columns not dependent on the key. If attributes do not contribute to a description of the key, remove them to a separate table. All non-key fields must be exclusively dependent on the key field. Over here all tables in 2NF are already in 3NF as follows: Organization Orgcode (PK) OrgName OrgAddress OrgPostcode OrgContact OrgTel OrgFax OrgEvent NosExpected Booking OrgCode (PK) BookDate (PK) Roomno (PK) Session (PK) ReqLayout EquipmentType Room Roomno (PK) Name (Room Name or Eating area description) Roomtype (Conf. Or Eating) Capacity Costpersession Openfor RefreshmentMealDetail OrgCode (PK) RMdate (PK) (where RM is refreshment and Meal) RMtime (PK) Roomno/Mealroom (PK) OrderId (PK) Ordertype (refreshment / meal) Quantity Order OrderId (PK) Description (beverage name, lunch, dinner, evening) 4NF Isolate independent multiple relationships. No table may contain two or more 1:n or n:m relationships that are not directly related. All tables which are in 3NF are already in 4NF except "Booking" table. Organization Orgcode (PK) OrgName OrgAddress OrgPostcode OrgContact OrgTel OrgFax OrgEvent NosExpected Booking OrgCode (PK) BookDate (PK) Roomno (PK) Session (PK) Layoutid EquipId Layout Layoutid (PK) Description Equipment EquipId (PK) Description Room Roomno (PK) Name (Room Name or Eating area description) Roomtype (Conf. Or...All non-key fields must be exclusively dependent on the key field. Over here all tables in 2NF are already in 3NF as follows: Isolate independent multiple relationships. No table may contain two or more 1:n or n:m relationships that are not directly related. All tables which are in 3NF are already in 4NF except "Booking" table. Isolate semantically related multiple relationships. There may be practical constraints on information that justify separating logically related many-to-many relationships. All tables in 4NF are already in 5NF except "Room" table.

Psychology (senses) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology (senses) - Essay Example To better understand this loss, put yourself in the situation that you cannot feel if you have touched something excessively hot (called thermoception), such as a hot stove, and continually receive burns to a large part of your body through the inability to continually feel the heat every time you touch the stove. Think of this exact situation whereby you are a child of toddler age, where you continually touch a hot stove without the ability to feel that it is hot and need to be rushed to the hospital in critical condition with third degree burns and having your mother explain why this happened and no one believing her. By losing this feeling of touch it is hard to understand how hot or cold things are, for instance in the above example, heat was used, now by losing the sense of pressure (tactition) whereby you cannot feel various forms of pressure would be difficult as the skin covers all your major body parts.

Expert Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Expert Systems - Essay Example As its name indicates, expert systems are used to perform specific tasks which involve the knowledge and skills of experts. At the present, expert systems have become very important for the majority of business organizations. In fact, they are currently being used in every walk of business organization. Expert systems are used to perform different operations in different organizations. This paper presents a detailed analysis of expert systems. This paper discusses the advantages, disadvantages and evolution of expert systems. This paper also discusses the examples of earlier and latest expert systems. Definition and Description of an Expert system Although Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been around for more than fifty years, it has been just recently that a lot of organizations all over the world are beginning to utilize AI based tools and applications to help them become more competitive in the ever-increasing competitive world. In the past few years, AI has been rapidly turning i nto an imperative technology and there is at this time an explosion of interest centering on this field. In fact, both industries and educational institutes are assigning more resources than ever before to AI. Basically, the artificial intelligence is a wide-ranging trend and it consists of a lot of sub domains such as game-playing systems, vision systems, computer-aided instruction, natural language translation, voice synthesis and recognition, robotics, and expert systems. Expert systems are possibly the fastest progressing sub domain of AI (Schon & Helferich, 1989). Expert systems are acknowledged as a significant subject of artificial intelligence. Basically, an expert system offers a method to collect and transform the knowledge of experts. The expert system consists of computer programs that try to be like the way people think. The history of expert systems can be traced back to over twenty years ago in the labs of Stanford University where it was first used to help make a dia gnosis of infectious blood diseases. In fact, since that time expert systems have been using into almost every walk of life that involves human knowledge and judgment. In addition, the expert systems are normally based on three most important elements: the clarification generator and user interface, the inference engine, and the knowledge base. Additionally, in the beginning while using expert systems at Stanford, the knowledge base encompassed medical "rules" to demonstrate IF-THEN conditions and statements with a related confidence factor. The example of this rule can be like this, IF the patient is diagnosed with symptom A AND symptom B THEN the result/disease is X, and confidence is Y%. If the patient is diagnosed with symptom C, then this rule would not even be applicable. Moreover, the decision regarding the selection of the rules is made automatically by the inference engine (MoreBusiness, 1998). In simple words, â€Å"an expert system is an information system that collects and stores the expertise of human experts and then reproduces

Alcatel-Lucent merger Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Alcatel-Lucent merger - Coursework Example Lucent feared Alcatel’s takeover and thus the deal came to a halt on May 29, 2001. It is still not discovered that which company begin the negotiations but Lucent ended them on the basis that Alcatel was not agreeing on equals. Looking into the case, I believe may be the negotiations styles were not accurate for the scenario. According to Anatomy of a merger by James C. Freund, there are two ways of negotiating which let you go no where. One is doing what comes naturally to your mind, not thinking about the other party and doing and saying only what you want. Credibility and sincerity should be prominent in your negotiations and this style of doing what naturally comes to your mind is the worst style of negotiating. The second style is practice what I preach. You should not just read books for the sake of reading them. Practicing all negotiation styles in your merger is important. In 2006, the companies decided to merge again. Co operations begin to build up between the two co mpanies. According to Paris and Murray Hill, N.J., April 2, 2006- Alacatel and Lucent Technologies announced that they are together as an ultimate merger now which is unbreakable. They are creating a genuinely global communications key provider for the entire world with the widest wire line, wireless and services collection in the market. The major reason of this merger is to increase revenues and profits based on market chances for the next-generation services, applications, and networks. The joint company’s scope, scale and global competencies will improve the long term value for customers, shareowners and employees. The contract, which was endorsed by the boards of directors of each company, will build upon the corresponding strengths of every company to generate a global market leader in the alteration of upcoming wireless, wire line and congregated networks. The shareholders in France accepted the merger in September 2006. The CEO of Alcatel invested 10.6 billion euro ($ 13.5 billion then) into the business at that time and remarked that Alcatel- Lucent â€Å"has no equivalent today or in future†. The combined sales of the company mounted to $25 billion in that year and it was believed that Alcatel-Lucent will be the biggest merger of communications in the world with its ongoing success. But mergers aren’t easy to handle! Conflict of interest, different cultural backgrounds and different attitudes towards work were the causes of divergence between the chief executives of both companies. Things start to take a pessimistic turn. Patricia F. Russo (chief executive of Lucent) also believed that things would start to work better for the both companies but they did not. Even though the regulatory hurdles were cleared in both U.S and European markets by the U.S State department and EU regulations but things didn’t take a positive turn. Both the CEO’s tried hard to cooperate with each other but was restricted by their French and American styles. According to an analyst, the corporate culture of Lucent’s clashed with Alcatel’s business model. In July 2008, Lucent’s CEO Patricia F. Russo resigned. She claimed that she could not get along with Serge Tchuruk, her fellow board member. He too resigned after some time. Both of the CEOs were not able to get along with each other. Even though the company official language was proposed to be English, Patricia spoke French as well to be conversant in the